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Přístupy kolumbijských vlád k mírovému procesu
Valášková, Barbora
This bachelor's thesis analyzes and compares the approaches of individual Colombian governments to the peace process with a primary focus on the last three presidential administrations. The introductory part describes the history of Colombia's internal conflict with an emphasis on the period after the events of La Violencia. The main part of the work is focused on the analysis of peace negotiation strategies and describes the factors determining the partial successes and failures of the administrations of the three presidents Andrés Pastrana, Álvaro Uribe, and Manuel Santos between 1998 and 2018, while each of them contributed to a different extent to the conclusion of the final peace agreement in November 2016
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Organized crime and security : drug cartels : the global capacity of a rising security threat
Ibáñez de Foerster, Marcela ; Balabán, Miloš (advisor) ; Střítecký, Vít (referee)
Over the last four decades organized crime groups, particularly, drug trafficking organizations or drug cartels, have managed to be under the spotlight of the security agendas of American countries such as Colombia and the United States. During the last two decades, however, the global securitization of the drug trafficking issue, has led them to become a major security threat not only for the Americas, but also for Europe and more recently for West African countries. These organizations pose a threat not only to the security of the state, but to the very essence of it, by corrupting and damaging everything they come in contact with at the political, social, economical and even cultural level. This graduate thesis presents an analysis on Latin American drug trafficking organizations or drugs cartels, as they are commonly known, focusing on the cases of Colombian and Mexican drug cartels. By comparing these two case studies, I suggest that today's Mexican drug trafficking organizations have gained their momentum and incommensurable strength by following the footsteps of the big three Colombian drug cartels that existed between the 1980s and 1990s. The first chapter will expose the definitions and concepts surrounding the research of organized crime. In the second and third chapters, both the...
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Gender-Responsive DDR: Social, Economic and Political Reincorporation of Women Ex-Combatants in Colombia
Ramljak, Antonela ; Aslan, Emil (advisor) ; Kotvalová, Anna (referee)
CHARLES UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Institute of Political Studies Department of Security Studies Master's Thesis 2020 Antonela Ramljak CHARLES UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Institute of Political Studies Department of Security Studies Gender - Responsive DDR: Social, Economic and Political Reincorporation of Women Ex-combatants in Colombia Master's Thesis Author: Antonela Ramljak Study program: Master in International Security Studies (MISS) Supervisor: doc. Dr. Emil Aslan, Ph.D. Year of project submission: 2020 Declaration 1. I hereby declare that I have compiled this thesis using the listed literature and resources only. 2. I hereby declare that my thesis has not been used to gain any other academic title. 3. I fully agree to my work being used for study and scientific purposes. In Prague on Antonela Ramljak References RAMLJAK, Antonela. Gender - Responsive DDR: Social, Economic and Political Reincorporation of Women Ex-combatants in Colombia. Praha, 2020. 81 pages. Master's thesis (Mgr.). Charles University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Political Studies. Department of Security Studies. Supervisor doc. PhDr. Emil Aslan, Ph.D. Length of the thesis: 104.637 characters Abstract Discussions on women in wars have oftentimes been limited to their stories as survivors of conflict...
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Conditions of Peace in the Context of the Colombian and Northern Irish Peace Process
Kindl, Jakob ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Střítecký, Vít (referee)
This diploma thesis examines the relationship between the content and language of peace agreements and their acceptance by the population. It investigates the content on the basis of Johan Galtung's theoretical concept of positive peace and the language on the basis of structuralist linguistic theory. It is therefore an interdisciplinary research that combines the theoretical concept of the field of international relations with language theory. This thesis defends this approach by analyzing the concept of peace in international relations theories in which it identifies its shortcomings. A comparative case analysis of two peace agreements is conducted, the Good Friday Agreement in Northern Ireland and the Peace Agreement in Colombia. While the two conflicts and peace processes show many similarities, the outcome differed and while the agreement was accepted in Northern Ireland, the agreement was rejected in Colombia. This thesis is concerned with the search for the causes that may have led to the different outcome of the referendum on its adoption, and it seeks these causes in the content and language of the two agreements, rather than in the rejection of the referendum per se. The main contribution of the thesis is the analysis of the content and language of the two peace agreements, which examines...
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Impact of Organized Crime on the Press Freedom: Comparison of Mexico and Colombia
Horák, Benjamin ; Krausz Hladká, Malvína (advisor) ; Soukup, Jaromír (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with selected elements of organized crime and its impact on the freedom of the press. The thesis aims to confirm or refute the hypothesis that organized crime impacts press freedom using a qualitative comparative case study analysis of selected countries. As mentioned above, organized crime is such a complex concept that it is essential to define the specific actors or elements of this criminal activity. This paper focuses on selected actors, which are organized criminal groups - drug cartels and corruption as an element of organized crime. The research questions the thesis seeks to answer are "How do drug cartels affect the freedom of the press?" and "How does corruption affect press freedom?". If the hypothesis is confirmed, the author will seek to answer the additional sub-question, "How do Mexico and Colombia approach the impact of organized crime on press freedom?". The results of the thesis confirm the hypothesis and conclude that organized crime impacts press freedom. The two specific sources of this influence, i.e., drug cartels and corruption, affect press freedom mainly through extensive violence against journalists, thus having a systematic and long-term negative impact on their security. Another means of influence is undermining the state's capacity and...
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The position of guarantees of non-repetition within transitional justice
Hůlová, Eliška ; Bílková, Veronika (advisor) ; Balaš, Vladimír (referee)
The Position of Guarantees of Non-repetition within Transitional Justice Abstract Within transitional justice (TJ), guarantees of non-repetition (GNRs) refer to measures aiming to prevent the recurrence of mass human rights violations. They form one of the four pillars of TJ (next to justice, truth and reparation). In contrast with the other three pillars, GNRs are concerned primarily with the future and present a function that may be fulfilled by an open- ended variety of measures. Thus, GNRs aim to fulfil the preventive function of TJ. However, although non-repetition is understood as one of the core objectives of TJ, GNRs remain underexplored and there is much ambiguity surrounding the topic. This thesis thus aims to contribute to the conceptualization of GNRs within TJ. To this end, this thesis explores the origins and normative foundations of GNRs as a State obligation arising from mass and systematic human rights violations. This analysis starts with a review of GNRs within the law of state responsibility, followed by an exploration of the concept's development in international human rights law and TJ. Since GNRs can be conceived either as a part of reparations or as a separate pillar of TJ, this section also explores the foundations for both of these understandings. Subsequently, this thesis turns to...
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Factors of Success of FARC and ETA Terrorist Groups: A Comparative Analysis
Kopečný, Ondřej ; Ditrych, Ondřej (advisor) ; Svitková, Katarína (referee)
This work elaborates on historiographical contextual analysis of establishment and consolidation of terrorist groups ETA and FARC, while focusing on identifying and analysis of set of factors, which led to the respective groups constitution. These factors are then examined and compared in the thesis presented. Author then concludes generalness or alternatively contextual character of findings on factors. Examined groups emerged from extensively differing contexts, which contributes to the posibility of following a linking to possible general validit of the factors. Emphasis is being put especially on political, social, economical and identitary premises of the groups establishment.
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Security Situation in Columbia in a Context of the Drug Trafficking and its Impact on the Region
Kačírek, Lukáš ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Krausz Hladká, Malvína (referee)
The thesis is concerned with the drug trade in Colombia, country with the largest drug production in the world. It is aimed especially at the age of drug cartels that used to have an eminent impact on the country's security situation. Firstly, it explains the main causes of the Colombian conflict. Afterwards, cartels from Medellín and Cali are introduced. After their downfall, they were shortly replaced by the Norte del Valle cartel. This cartel was however less successful in the drug field. After the downfall of the two important cartels, the drug field splintered. The thesis is briefly focused on the present situation as well. Guerilla groups also play a significant role in the conflict, thus one of the chapters is dedicated to them. Specific chapter is concerned with the reflection of the USA in the conflict - it introduces their role during the first half of the twentieth century as well as Plan Colombia. The last chapter discusses Colombia's relations with regional states in the crucial era from the view of drug trade. These states are specifically Peru, Bolivia and Mexico. The end of the thesis evaluates what kind of a state Colombia was in the second half of the twentieth century according to the Robert Rotberg's state theory.
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